Floor
paintings are an integral part of Indian tradition. These
are made on auspicious occasions.They are a sign of welcome
when drawn at the doorstep or threshold. In Gujarat, the art
of floor painting is called Rangoli. It is now extremely popular
in Maharashtra also. This domestic art was the exclusive reserve
of women painters till recently.Now, many men are also making
their presence felt in this traditional art. Decorating the
floor in different parts of the house is believed to be a
good omen. These designs are made with the aid of the simplest
materials, mainly rice paste mixed with pigment or rock dust
and some colours thrown into it. Though this art of painting
is diminishing in some urban cities, it continues to remain
attractive wherever created.
Rangoli designs used to be painted over the coating
of cow dung to the floor. If it is not a mud floor then it
is painted after washing the floor with water and is created
while the floor is still wet. This art is aesthetically pleasing
and has religious significance. The designs are symbolic and
basically common to the whole country like: geometrical patterns,
with lines, dots, squares, circles, triangles; the swastik,
lotus, trident, fish, conch-shell, foot-prints (supposed to
be of Lord Krishna), Sri Chakra, creepers, leaves, trees,
flowers, animals and anthropomorphic figures. These motifs
are modified to fit in with the local images and rhythms.
An important point is that the entire graph must be an unbroken
line, with no gaps to be left anywhere between the line for
evil spirits to enter.
For religious purposes, several yantra designs
are used. These are supposed to influence the onlooker and
infuse divine vibrations when watched intently. The origin
of painting is traced to a moving legend recorded in the Chitralakshana,
the earliest Indian treatise on painting. When the son of
a King's high priest died, Brahma, Lord of the universe, asked
the king to paint the likeness of the boy so that he may breathe
life into him again. This is how, it is believed, the first
painting was made. Another popular story is that God in one
of his creative provocation extracted the juice from one of
the mango trees as paint, and drew the figure of a woman so
beautiful that it put the heavenly maidens to shame.
Rangolis are known by different names in different
parts of the country; Alpana in Bengal, Aripana in Bihar,
Madana in Rajasthan, Kolams in Tamilnadu, Chowkpurana in Uttar
Pradesh, Muggulu in Andhra Pradesh and Ossan or jhunti in
Orissa. In Himachal Pradesh, the Pahari women give a coating
of cow dung to the floors that is beaten flat, and the painting
begins while it is still damp. The paint, consisting of earth
colours and rice paste mixed with dyes, is dropped onto the
surface with the fingers closely pressed together. It is locally
known as haugaiyan, while other terms like dehar, likhnu and
chauk apply to specific forms of floor painting.
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